Titanium metallurgy processes:

a comparison

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1 - CHLORINATE

chloride slag, 85-90% Tio2

1 - PURIFY TiO2

1-Roast, HCI leach, Calcine

1 -DISSOLVE

TiO, into a molten oxide bath

2-PURIFY TiCl4

Tio2 + coke + Cl2 TiCl4

3 - KROLL REDUCE

Distil out V, Si Fe chlorides

4 - SPONGE

Distil out V, Si Fe chlorides

5-VACUUM REMELT

Melt 2-3 times. ingot

2-HAMR REDUCE

TiO, + 2Mg + H2 → TiH≥ + 2Mgo

3-LEACH + DEOX

HCl leach; Mg + H, to <0.2%

4-DEHYDRONGENATE

TiH, → Ti powder, vacuum

5-CONSOLIDATE

Sinter parts, or melt to ingot

2 - ELECTROLYSE

Liquid Ti at cathode, O, at anode

3-TAP + CAST

Liquid titanium → ingot